Ento Key

1. Mechanical  (a) Penetrating   (i) Direct: lacerations from sharp objects   (ii) Indirect: lacerations from high-impact blunt objects: punch, hard balls and objects, blunt weapons, etc.  (b) Avulsions 2. Thermal 3….

Fig. 29.1 Endoscopic view of an ostium with its named edges and base. A anterior edge; P posterior edge; I inferior edge; S superior edge; MT middle turbinate Location of…

Fig. 11.1 Schematic diagram showing the development of lacrimal system between the maxillary and frontonasal process (Photo Courtesy: Dr. Himika Gupta) Fig. 11.2 Schematic diagram showing the out-budding of solid…

Fig. 13.1 Infective canaliculitis: an example of an infectious SALDO Fig. 13.2 Punctal and canalicular abscess Fig. 13.3 CT scan, coronal plane showing extensive pan-sinus and lacrimal involvement by aspergillosis…

Fig. 15.1 Clinical presentation of canaliculitis Epidemiology It accounts for only 2 % of all patients with lacrimal diseases [2]. Canaliculitis affects the lower eyelid more than the upper eyelid…

Fig. 12.1 Schematic diagram showing the outbudding of solid canaliculi from the lacrimal cord (Photo Courtesy: Dr. Himika Gupta) Fig. 12.2 Schematic diagram showing the process of canalization (Photo Courtesy:…

Lacrimal intubation Monocanalicular intubation Bicanalicular intubation Traverses only the involved canaliculus Traverses both the canaliculi Monocanalicular–annular intubation Monocanalicular simple intubation Bicanalicular–annular intubation Bicanalicular nasal intubation Stent brought out to skin…

Fig. 26.1 Endoscopic view of a cicatricial closure of the ostium Fig. 26.2 An extensive turbinoseptal synechiae involving the ostium Fig. 26.3 Nasal endoscopic view showing an internal ostium stenosis…

Fig. 21.1 * denotes the axilla of middle turbinate. The important maxillary line is represented by the blue dashed line Fashioning the Nasal Mucosa Flaps A crescent or sickle knife…

Fig. 9.1 A dacryoendoscope Fig. 9.2 Closer view of the side port Fig. 9.3 Endoscopic viewing system Dacryoendoscopy can be performed in an anterograde or a retrograde manner. In the…