• Minimal fetal or maternal risk Hydroxychloroquine Sulfasalazine • Selective use allowed during pregnancy NSAIDs and aspirin Glucocorticoids Azathioprine and 6-MP TNF inhibitors Intravenous immune globulin Cyclosporine Tacrolimus • Contraindicated…
Fig. 2.1 Both classical and alternate pathways of the complement system are activated resulting in the production of “membrane attack complex” in the terminal pathway. Membrane attack complexes create pores in…
Fig. 2.1 Middle wall of right orbit. PLC posterior lacrimal crest, ALC anterior lacrimal crest, H hammulus, LMS lacrimo maxillar suture, FES fronto ethmoid suture, FP frontal process, LP lamina…
Fig. 7.1 Eyelid laxity with medial punctal ectropion and chronic epiphora Punctal stenosis is a common finding, reported in more than 50 % of normal individuals. The prevalence increases with…
Fig. 13.1 Development of the dacryoendoscopes. (a) Modified Juenemann probe, 3,000 pixels. (b) Rigid dacryoendoscope (Vitroptic), 6,000 pixels. (c) Flexible Vitroptic T, 6,000 pixels Fig. 13.2 Endoscopic system (from the…
Fig. 9.1 The Javate DCR electrodes (from Javate et al. [5]) Radiosurgery in DCR The authors use the Ellman Surgitron Dual RF (3333 Royal Avenue, Oceanside, NY) and all settings…
Fig. 6.1 Entropion with trichiasis Fig. 6.2 Entropion with trichiasis Ectropion (Fig. 6.3) Fig. 6.3 Ectropion with punctal eversion Fig. 6.4 Lagophthalmos Lagophthalmos (Figs. 6.4) Lid retraction (Figs. 6.5–6.9) Fig….
Fig. 1.1 Bony anatomy of the lacrimal sac fossa and medial orbital wall. The anterior and posterior lacrimal crests are formed by the maxillary and lacrimal bones, respectively The medial…
Fig. 10.1 Incision of the nasal mucosa with a crescent knife Fig. 10.2 Inferior incision with scissors. The superior incision has been done Fig. 10.3 Osteotomy of the frontal process…
Fig. 8.1 (a) The left medial canthal tendon is readily evident (white arrow) after undermining the skin and the pretarsal and preseptal orbicularis fibres separated superolaterally and inferolaterally (broken arrows)….
