© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Brendan C. Stack, Jr. and Donald L. Bodenner (eds.)Medical and Surgical Treatment of Parathyroid Diseases10.1007/978-3-319-26794-4_5 5. Single-Gland Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Classic and Early Disease Dana L. Madison1 (1) Department of Otolaryngology and Division…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Brendan C. Stack, Jr. and Donald L. Bodenner (eds.)Medical and Surgical Treatment of Parathyroid Diseases10.1007/978-3-319-26794-4_13 13. Ultrasound Donald L. Bodenner1 (1) Department of Geriatrics, Director Thyroid Clinic, University of Arkansas for Medical…
Category of pathology Genetic defect Parathyroid gland destruction Surgery Radiation therapy Infiltration Autoimmune: isolated or APECED AIRE, 21q22.3 Reduced parathyroid gland function Autosomal dominant hypocalcemic hypercalciuria CASR, 3q13.3-21…
Timing of bias Type of bias Explanation Before a clinical trial begins Selection bias Study subjects improperly chosen Channeling bias Prognosis of study subject influences group or cohort assignment During…
Article type Definition Basic science Controlled experiment; independent variable affects a dependent variable in a laboratory setting Basic science review Review of basic science experiments Clinical investigation Controlled experiment; independent…
Severe hypercalcemia (>11.5 mg/dL) Calciphylaxis Persistent hypercalcemia more than 3–12 months post transplant Persistent hypercalciuria or phosphate wasting Fractures, bone pain, or rapid bone loss Nephrocalcinosis Pruritis PTH gland size…
Cause Clinical features Diagnostic test Impaired intestinal calcium absorption Low dietary intake Avoidance of dairy products/ obtained via history 24 h urine calcium assessment Lactose intolerance Abdominal pain, bloating,…
Fig. 4.1 (a) Scalpel N°15 and 11, (b) needle driver, (c) surgical and anatomic forceps, (d) small curved mosquito forceps, (e) Kocher’s forceps, (f) Mayo, curved, and straight iris scissors,…
Fig. 9.1 Endoscopic tools: (a) Telepack X LED (Storz®). (b) operating laryngoscope (HAVAS Operating Laryngoscope Storz® with light carrier) and one straightforward telescope 0° (Hopkins II® – Storz®). (c) three…
Fig. 5.1 Set of surgical instruments. a scalpel, b needle driver, c surgical and anatomical forceps, d small curved mosquito forceps, e Kocher’s forceps, f scissors, g suture threads, h…
