Fig. 20.1 Gram stain of vitreous aspirate showing multiple neutrophils along with Gram-positive thick bacilli (intracellular [left] and extracellular [right]) in oil immersion field (×1000)—bamboo stick appearance The Bacillus cereus…
Study (year) Country Infection MSSA% (N) MRSA% (N) HA-MRSA CA-MRSA EVS group 1990 [17] USA Endophthalmitis 7.4 (24/323 isolates) 1.9 (6/323 isolates) na na Freidlin et al. 2007 [16] USA…
Fig. 17.1 (Left) Patient with postoperative endophthalmitis on day 1 after cataract surgery. Managed with pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreal antibiotics. (Right) Quiet eye showing resolved infection at 6-month follow-up….
Authors Year Case occurrence Incidence Ho and Tolentino [2] 1984 4/2817 0.14% Cohen et al. [4] 1995 18/12,216 0.15% Aaberg et al. [3] 1998 3/6557 0.04% Zhang et al. [5]…
Fig. 14.1 S. epidermidis growth in a patient after intravitreal injection of Avastin. (Top) Gram stain at 100× magnification showing gram-positive cocci in groups; (bottom) blood (left) and chocolate (right)…
Author Year Country Incidence (%) Jabbarvand et al. [13] 2016 Iran 0.02 Nam et al. [14] 2015 Korea 0.37 Yao et al. [12] 2013 China 0.03 Matsuura et al. [15]…
Reference Country Publication year Period Total N IPOE N IPOE rate (%) IPOE rate with IC antibiotics IPOE rate without IC antibiotics (%) Romero (5) Spain 2006 2001–2004 7268 25…
Source Cause Irrigating solutions or ophthalmic viscoelastic devices Incomplete chemical composition • Incorrect pH (<6.5 or >8.5) • Incorrect osmolality (<200 mOsm or >400 mOsm) • Preservatives or additives (e.g., antibiotics, dilating…
Yale 1998–2008 Bascom Palmer 1996–2001 Bascom Palmer 2002–2012 New York 1987–2001 Authors Chen 2012 [4] Schimel 2013 [5] Gentile 2014 [6] Coagulase-negative staph 37.5% 37.1% 36.1% 39.4% S. aureus…
Fig. 2.1 Graphic representation of vector analysis. (a) An example vector of +2.00 × 60° is depicted in power cross cylinder notation. (b) The same vector is depicted in double-angle…
