Considerations of Free Flaps
Type A A pedicled flap based on several vessels entering the base of the flap and following the long axis of the flap Type B A pedicled or a free…
Gracilis Flap
Fig. 7.1 Preoperative setting and flap design 7.3.1.1 Step 1 The entrance of the pedicle on the deep surface of the gracilis muscle is then marked 10 cm below the…
Medial Femoral Condyle Flap
Fig. 12.1 A point between the medial aspect of the patella and the prominence of the medial femoral condyle marks the distal aspect of the incision 12.4.2.2 Step 1 Incision…
Fascial Flap
Fig. 4.1 Anatomical layers of temporal region. (1) Skin; (2) subcutaneous tissue; (3) temporoparietal fascia (superficial temporal vessel); (4) lose areolar tissue; (5) temporalis muscle fascia (middle temporal artery); (6)…
Flaps in Head and Neck Reconstruction
Fig. 1.1 One of the first examples of reconstruction technique described by Tagliacozzi Fig. 1.2 Gaspare Tagliacozzi He focused his work on a so-called cutaneous flap, harvested from the arm….
in Refractive Surgery
Advantages Disadvantages Minimally invasive Reversible No need to remove corneal tissue Quick recovery Does not affect visual field testing Can be combined with other refractive procedures Enables normal visualization of…
Developments in Vitreo-Retinal Surgery
Fig. 7.1 (a) Dr. David Kasner demonstrating open sky technique for vitreous removal using cellulose sponges and scissors on a cadaver eye. (b, c) High magnification of cadaver eye vitreous…
Updates and Recent Developments in Neuro-Ophthalmology
Fig. 8.1 Right optic disc of a patient with MOG-IgG-associated anterior optic neuritis. Note diffuse swelling associated with a single flame-shaped hemorrhage Other neurologic manifestations include atypical cerebral inflammatory lesions…
Developments in Cataract Surgery
Technology Light source (wavelength) Example biometers PCI Blue-light emitting diode (475 nm) Oculus Pentacam AXL PCI Semiconductor diode laser (780 nm) Zeiss IOL Master 500 Nidek AL-scan LCOR Superluminescent diode laser (820 nm)…
Developments in Maculopathy
Fig. 6.1 Multimodal imaging in a healthy subject. Multicolor (a) and fundus autofluorescence (b) images show the integrity of posterior pole structure, with the physiologic distribution of autofluorescence signal coming…
