Conjunctival Degenerations and Mass Lesions PINGUECULA AND PTERYGIUM Pingueculae and pterygia are extremely common conjunctival/corneal degenerations that typically affect patients living in equatorial regions and patients with a substantial exposure…
Conjunctival Infections and Inflammations BLEPHARITIS AND MEIBOMITIS Chronic blepharitis and meibomitis are very common, bilateral inflammations of the eyelid margins that may cause nonspecific ocular irritation, which is often worse…
Introduction The resurgence of lamellar procedures in corneal surgery over the past several years has come not only in the guise of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for the correction…
Introduction Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is the most widely used technique to correct for most instances of spherocylindrical ametropia because of its safety and predictability, which lead to satisfactory…
Introduction Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is the most common surgical method for the management of refractive errors. Flap creation is the first and most important step in the LASIK…
Introduction The development of new instrumentation to measure human optical aberrations and the recent refinements in the excimer laser delivery systems have opened a new era in vision correction: patient-customized,…
Introduction Presbyopia can be defined as the point where accommodative function declines to less than 3 to 4 diopters (D), receding the near point beyond arms’ length at reading distance….
Introduction Presbyopic corneal inlays are implanted in the corneal stromal tissue to increase the eye’s depth of focus and to correct presbyopia. The initial steps toward the development of present-day…
Introduction Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) involves resecting and suturing a donor corneal tissue to a recipient corneal bed. It requires meticulous attention to detail by the corneal surgeon. The surgeon’s task…
Introduction In 1986, Fyodorov originated the first plate posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (PIOL). He used a one-piece silicone collar button PIOL with a Teflon coat. Encouraging initial results were…
