Diseases affecting primarily the vitreous and vitreoretinal interface are associated with a variety of macular lesions causing loss of central vision. These lesions may be detected ophthalmoscopically and biomicroscopically and…
Berlin’s Edema (Commotio Retinae) After a blunt contusion to the front of the eye, a patient may experience acute visual loss caused by Berlin’s edema (commotio retinae). In this condition…
Medications or other substances that find their way into the eye may cause visual dysfunction by virtue of a toxic effect on the sensory retina, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE),…
Diseases primarily involving the choroid cause loss of retinal function in the macular region principally by three mechanisms: (1) reduction of blood flow within the choriocapillaris; (2) increased permeability of…
Pathophysiologic and Histopathologic Bases for Interpretation of Fluorescein Angiography The anatomy and physiology of the choroid and retina and their relationship to the normal fluorescein angiographic findings were presented in…
Chorioretinal Folds Any condition causing a reduction in the area of the inner surface of the sclera (scleral thickening or scleral shrinkage) will cause the inner portion of the choroid,…
Anatomic Subdivisions The retina is a delicate transparent tissue of maximal thickness (approximately 0.55 mm) at the foveal margin and minimal thickness (0.13 mm) at the umbo. Anatomically the macula…
Why Use Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for Disc Assessment in Glaucoma? Vascular dysregulation of the optic nerve head and the peripapillary retina is considered as one of the risk factors…
Posterior Segment Tumors 15.2.1 Retinal Tumors Melanocytoma Melanocytoma is most frequently observed at the optic disc more often in pigmented individuals, although these lesions may sometimes involve the choroid or iris….
Case 1 A 68-year-old woman with a history of dry age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and geographic atrophy OU presented to the office complaining of some distortion in her left eye…
