Classification 10.2.1 Congenital Cholesteatoma Cholesteatoma is categorized as congenital, primary acquired, and secondary acquired. Congenital cholesteatoma is a true inclusion epidermoid incorporated into the temporal bone during embryonic development. The original…
Epidemiology and Prevalence Middle ear effusion is the most common ear disease that occurs in children and practically all are affected at some point. 1, 2 This is also the…
Congenital Disorders 26.2.1 Anatomical Anomalies Aplasia and Dysplasia Congenital anomalies of the salivary glands are very uncommon. Aplasia of the major salivary glands and atresia of their ducts has been described,…
Setting Up 2.2.1 The Waiting Area The clinic experience for the family starts well before they see you. Easy road access, car parking, a bright and friendly environment with adequate facilities…
Important OSA definitions Obstructive apnea Cessation of ventilation (i.e., no airflow), despite respiratory effort, for 10 s or two breath cycles in older children or 6 s or 1.5–2 breaths…
Fig. 3.1 Comparison of simple and balanced anesthesia techniques. 3.2.1 Simple Anesthesia In simple anesthesia, a single anesthetic agent is given in sufficient dosage to provide unconsciousness (sleep), lack of movement in…
Training and Accreditation The diagnosis and management of ORL conditions in children forms an integral part of the syllabus for all ENT surgeons in training. Examinations in ORL, including the…
The best definition of a child with special needs is a child who, because of his/her unique medical or developmental difficulties, has needs in addition to those of his/her age-matched…
