Causes of PUK 1. Inflammatory disorders – Systemic vasculitides • Rheumatoid arthritis • Wegener’s granulomatosis • Polyarteritis nodosa • Relapsing polychondritis – Ocular conditions • Mooren’s Ulcer • Marginal keratitis…
Systemic diseases 1. Rheumatoid arthritis 2. Wegener’s granulomatosis 3. Systemic lupus erythematosus 4. Polyarteritis nodosa 5. Relapsing polychondritis 6. Progressive systemic sclerosis 7. Giant cell arteritis 8. Churg-Strauss syndrome 9….
Fig. 11.1 Photograph demonstrating a case with severe extensive (Almost 270°) peripheral corneal thinning before and after surgical intervention using the “match and patch” technique Concept of “Match and Patch” The…
Fig. 1.1 Anatomy of the limbus The limbus is composed of only two layers namely the epithelium and the stroma, because the Bowman’s membrane stops abruptly and Descemet’s membrane merges into…
Fig. 9.1 a, b Peripheral ulcerative keratitis On examination, early PUK manifests as peripheral corneal opacities composed of stromal cellular infiltrates in the perilimbal cornea. Progressive disease is exhibited by breakdown…
Clinical features Systemic disease Skin and hair Rash/ulcers All vascular syndromes, SLE Sunburn easily SLE, PSS Depigmentation SLE Loss of hair PSS, SLE, GCA Painfully cold fingers PSS Puffy hands…
• Minimal fetal or maternal risk Hydroxychloroquine Sulfasalazine • Selective use allowed during pregnancy NSAIDs and aspirin Glucocorticoids Azathioprine and 6-MP TNF inhibitors Intravenous immune globulin Cyclosporine Tacrolimus • Contraindicated…
Fig. 2.1 Both classical and alternate pathways of the complement system are activated resulting in the production of “membrane attack complex” in the terminal pathway. Membrane attack complexes create pores in…
Fig. 2.1 Middle wall of right orbit. PLC posterior lacrimal crest, ALC anterior lacrimal crest, H hammulus, LMS lacrimo maxillar suture, FES fronto ethmoid suture, FP frontal process, LP lamina…
Fig. 7.1 Eyelid laxity with medial punctal ectropion and chronic epiphora Punctal stenosis is a common finding, reported in more than 50 % of normal individuals. The prevalence increases with…
