The Surgical Management of Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), accounts for approximately 5% to 10% of all thyroid cancers. Significant advances in the understanding of the biology and clinical outcomes of MTC have been made…
Postoperative Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Differentiated thyroid cancer is increasing in prevalence. This article discusses various aspects of the postoperative management of differentiated thyroid cancer including cancer staging, treatment, and monitoring. Treatment options discussed include…
Surgical Management of Cervical Lymph Nodes in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Well-differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) carries an excellent prognosis. Although long-term survival rates are high, regional lymph node metastases are common. Surgical management of cervical lymph nodes is integral to the…
Surgical Management of Thyroid Disease
The surgical management of thyroid disease and its indications continue to evolve. Selecting the appropriate management can often be challenging to both physician and patient. This article describes the surgical…
Fine-Needle Aspiration in the Work-Up of Thyroid Nodules
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is the crucial diagnostic test used for the evaluation of patients with a thyroid nodule. The result of an FNA determines if a patient can be followed…
Role of Ultrasonography in Thyroid Disease
Ultrasonography (US) is the single-most valuable imaging modality in the evaluation of the thyroid gland. This review discusses the US appearances of thyroid nodules, emphasizing sonographic features associated with potentially…
Evaluation of a Thyroid Nodule
The thyroid specialist frequently evaluates thyroid nodules because they may represent malignancy. Nodules are typically found on physical examination or incidentally when other imaging studies are performed. Malignant or symptomatic…
Surgical Anatomy of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
This article describes the anatomy and embryology of the thyroid and parathyroid glands and the recurrent laryngeal nerve, discussing how the anatomy affects function and dysfunction of the glands. Embryology…
Innate Immunity
Innate immunity is an exciting area of research in rhinology because emerging evidence suggests that abnormal local immune responses, rather than pathogen-specific adaptive immunity, may play a more important role…
Rhinologic Surgical Training
The field of rhinology is an exciting area with new surgical techniques constantly introduced. The way surgical skills are taught is changing with use of surgical simulators. Training programs are…
