Congenital Malformations of the Oral Cavity
Congenital malformations of the oral cavity may involve the lips, jaws, hard palate, floor of mouth, and anterior two thirds of the tongue. These malformations may be the product of…
Anomalies of the Middle and Inner Ear
The development of the middle and inner ear highlights the intricacy of embryology. As early as 3 weeks after fertilization, the inner ear begins taking form. This process, along with…
Microtia and Congenital Aural Atresia
Microtia and congenital aural atresia (CAA) are congenital anomalies that are so common that every otolaryngologist should be familiar with the initial evaluation and care of the patient. When one…
Cleft Lip and Palate
Patients who have cleft lip or palate face significant lifelong communicative and aesthetic challenges and difficulties with deglutition. Management of patients who have orofacial clefting requires an understanding of the…
Congenital Malformations of the Skull and Meninges
The surgery and management of children who have congenital malformations of the skull and meninges require multidisciplinary care and long-term follow-up by multiple specialists in birth defects. The high definition…
An Approach to Congenital Malformations of the Head and Neck
It is easy to be overwhelmed when faced with the hundreds of cataloged anomalies of the head and neck region. For any individual defect there may be variation in phenotype,…
SMAS Facelift Techniques to Minimize Stigmata of Surgery
Patients seeking facial rejuvenation surgery are frequently apprehensive about their postoperative appearance. They express concern about looking too different, not themselves, or being recognized for having had “something done.” Invariably…
Lower Blepharoplasty: Transconjunctival Fat Repositioning
Over the last decade, lower transconjunctival blepharoplasty has become the method of choice used by facial plastic surgeons for the treatment of lower eyelid herniated fat owing to the reduced…
Lip Reconstruction
The lip is an important functional and esthetic facial feature used for relatively simple tasks, such as retaining oral contents, as well as for complex functions, such as smiling, kissing,…
Endoscopic Repair of Orbital Floor Fractures
When the periorbital region is injured with significant force, the bony orbital vault may be fractured. These fractures often involve the medial wall and floor of the orbit, resulting in…
