Macular Hole
28 Macular Hole Borja Corcostegui Lorena Patricia Pimentel INTRODUCTION A macular hole is a full thickness defect of retinal tissue involving the anatomic fovea and the foveola of the…
Bevacizumab (Avastin)
36 Bevacizumab (Avastin) Monica Rodriguez-Fontal Craig M. Greven INTRODUCTION Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor developed for the treatment of cancer. Over the past years,…
Macular Trauma
46 Macular Trauma Reinaldo A. Garcia Arismendi D. Virgil Alfaro III J. Fernando Arevalo Oria Veronica Gomez Ulla Giora Treister Eye injury is a significant disabling American health problem….
Pathologic Myopia
51 Pathologic Myopia Mario Stirpe Guido Ripandelli High myopia is generally defined as a myopia of −6 diopters or more (with the corresponding axial length usually exceeding 26 mm)…
Artificial Vision
58 Artificial Vision Nancy Kunjukunju Hirokazu Sakaguchi Motohiro Kamei Hugo Quiroz-Mercado At one time, it was believed that visual loss was permanent once the neural retina or optic nerve…
Submacular Surgery
43 Submacular Surgery Nancy Holekamp INTRODUCTION ubmacular surgery evolved during the 1990s in an attempt to offer patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) an alternative treatment to observation or…
Macular Edema Associated with Vascular Occlusion
24 Macular Edema Associated with Vascular Occlusion Jawad Ahmad Qureshi Sharon Fekrat Daniel Finkelstein Occlusion within retinal veins may occur in the central retinal vein, producing a central retinal…
Epiretinal Membrane
27 Epiretinal Membrane Richard C. Lin William F. Mieler William J. Wirostko Epiretinal membranes (ERMs) are proliferations of fibrous tissue along the inner retinal surface. Since their initial description…
Periocular Steroids
38 Periocular Steroids Beatriz S. Takahashi Jason S. Slakter Howard F. Fine INTRODUCTION Periocular steroids were first used clinically in the 1950s. Delivering the medication locally maximizes the effect…
Pediatric Macular Surgery
47 Pediatric Macular Surgery Mark K. Walsh Antonio Capone Jr. Michael T. Trese Pediatric macular surgery offers a unique and interesting set of challenges relative to adult macular surgery….
