18 Pharmacotherapy in Retinal Vein Occlusions
FIGURE 18.1. Fundus photo (A) and FA (B) of acute presentation of BRVO showing dilated and tortuous vein surrounded by wedge-shaped area of deep and superficial retinal hemorrhages and retinal…
24 Corneal Neovascularization
FIGURE 24.1. Avascular cornea contains sflt-1 bound to VEGF-A. A: Photo of human eye demonstrates abrupt termination of blood vessels in the conjunctiva (CJ) at its border with the cornea…
16 Steroids for Diabetic Macular Edema and Neovascular Age Related Macular Degeneration
and Neovascular Age Related MacularDegeneration Felix Y. Chau • Daniel F. Kiernan • Jennifer I. Lim INTRODUCTION Ocular steroids for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) and neovascular age-related…
7 Proteinases and Integrins in Ocular Angiogenesis
Ocular Angiogenesis Sampathkumar Rangasamy • Alexander Ljubimov • Sayon Roy • Paul McGuire • Arup Das Ocular angiogenesis involves two important key steps: endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Hypoxia upregulates…
17 Anti-VEGF Therapies in Retinopathy of Prematurity
of Prematurity Tushar Ranchod • Antonio Capone,Jr. INTRODUCTION Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains a leading cause of blindness worldwide.1 ROP is characterized by avascular peripheral retina, intraocular dysregulation of vascular…
14 Anti-VEGF Therapies for Retinal Neovascularization
Retinal Neovascularization Jason Hsu • Allen C. Ho Introduction Until recently, laser panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) has been the standard for treatment of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in order…
20 The Role of Optical Coherence Tomography in the Management of Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Macular Edema
in the Management of Age-Related MacularDegeneration and Macular Edema Pearse A. Keane • Srinivas R. Sadda INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY Optical coherence tomography (OCT), first described by Huang et…
13 Pharmacokinetics of Anti-Vascular Endothelium Growth Factor Pharmacological Agents
Endothelium Growth FactorPharmacological Agents Leanne T. Labriola • Muge Kesen • Karl G. Csaky Introduction Revascularization is a serious sequela of ocular diseases including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, vascular…
25 Neovascular Glaucoma
FIGURE 25.1. Algorithm regarding the management of neovascular glaucoma. CAUSES OF ANTERIOR CHAMBER NEOVASCULARIZATION While many pathologic ocular processes can initiate fibrovascular proliferation, ischemic retinal disease is the most common…
27 Endothelial Progenitor Therapy: Innately Beneficial, Innately Complicated
Beneficial, Innately Complicated Matthew Neu • Ashay Bhatwadekar • Reinhold Medina • Alan Stitt • Maria Grant INTRODUCTION The notion of using endothelial progenitors to repair vasodegenerative vasculature in diabetic…
