Lasers in ophthalmology
Perhaps more than any other recent advance in medical science, the advent of laser technology has produced a major effect on clinical ophthalmology. The effect of solar radiation was well…
Specular microscopy
Specular microscope The specular microscope is used to examine the endothe-lium of the cornea, which is the layer of the cornea in contact with the aqueous humor transfer ( Fig….
Refractive surgery: today and the future
Technologies and techniques continue to evolve in the correction of myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. Patients are increasingly interested in spectacle or contact lens independence. It is important to understand…
Wavefront aberrations and custom ablation
In clinical practice, myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism have long been the familiar refractive errors (i.e., lower-order optical aberrations) for which patients have received corrective glasses and contact lenses. However, the…
Ambulatory surgery
Ambulatory—often called outpatient —surgery has been one of the most dramatic changes in an ophthalmic practice. In contrast to the previous patterns of hospitalization and restricted activity, most types of…
Aseptic technique and minor office surgery
Aseptic technique Aseptic technique in the office or hospital is an attempt to prevent infection by the elimination of microorganisms. Ophthalmic surgery demands maximum asepsis, particularly in operations involving the…
Examination of the newborn, infant, and small child
Ocular examination of a newborn, infant, or small child presents unique challenges that require special techniques and particular knowledge of the normal variations in eyeball anatomy and function of this…
Common retinal disorders
As an ophthalmic medical assistant or technician, it is important to have a fundamental understanding of the common retinal disorders in clinical practice that are not readily visible on external…
Ocular motility, binocular vision, and strabismus
Ocular motility refers to the movements of the eye in all directions of gaze and the relationship between the two eyes. Strabismus is a misalignment of the eyes, often caused…
Dry eye disease
Introduction Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most common causes of visits to eye care professionals, with one in five eye care patients presenting with DED. Worldwide, the…
