Ento Key

Introduction The eye is a miracle of self-organization. While many tissues such as muscle and kidney comprise predominantly a restricted set of more or less specialized cell types, almost all…

Introduction Immunology is the study of host defence mechanisms. Even the simplest organisms have the ability to mount a variety of specific and non-specific responses to invasion or attack by…

• Anatomical terms of reference • Osteology of the skull and orbits • Structure of the eye • Orbital contents • Cranial nerves associated with the eye and orbit •…

Introduction A knowledge of pathology is the key to good clinical practice, and the deeper this knowledge the better the practice. Less well recognized is that a knowledge of pathology…

Introduction Vision in all its aspects could arguably be described as the most important physiological function for survival. Vision encompasses detection of luminance (and, we now understand, irradiance), contrast sensitivity…

Introduction The outcome of microbial infections depends on both the virulence of the infecting organism and the veracity of the host response. The balance of these two entities will determine…

Introduction This chapter covers the basic principles of clinical pharmacology, with particular reference to drugs used in the management of ophthalmic disorders, methods of ocular drug delivery, and the interactions…

Introduction This chapter aims to provide an embryological basis for understanding the anatomy of the eye and adnexa. Basic embryological and developmental events from the earliest formation of diverticula in…

Genetic disorders are often thought of as interesting but rare. However, in a population of 100 000, there will be 10 children born with a genetic disorder, a further 10 who…