1 Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) results from a complex scenario initiated with airway collapse and obstruction, loss of compensatory wake and sleep reflexes, increased ventilatory effort, arousal, hypoventilation,…
1 Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a multi-factorial disorder where state-dependent loss of upper airway muscle tone and neuromuscular dysfunction result in cyclical upper airway obstruction during sleep. Hypoglossal…
1 Introduction Sleep-disordered breathing results from a combination of factors affecting upper airway patency and the control of ventilation. Although the mechanisms underlying upper airway collapse are incompletely understood, a…
1 Introduction For the clinician and surgeon treating patients with obstructed sleep apnea and related maladies, the retrolingual airway is of great importance. This area, often difficult to examine and…
1 Introduction The uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), as described by Fujita in 1981, marked a breakthrough for the evolving field of sleep surgery. However, the procedure’s limited success and cure of obstructive…
1 Introduction A narrow upper airway is one of the main causes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), which ablates both the two tonsils and part of the redundant…
1 Introduction Snoring results from the vibration of the soft tissues in the oral cavity: the soft palate, uvula, tonsils, base of tongue, epiglottis, and lateral pharyngeal walls. These may…
1 Introduction It became clear at the dawn of the third millennium that the real origin of obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (OSDB), snoring, and obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) was the…
As we trace the advancements of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) surgery, it is important to realize that tongue base surgery has remained a challenge. Traditional hypopharyngeal/tongue base procedures for OSA…
Successful surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) continues to be a challenging goal. Maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) remains the gold standard of surgical care, but its use is limited due…
