Optic Neuritis
1. What is optic neuritis? Optic neuritis is any inflammation of the optic nerve. It may be idiopathic or associated with systemic disease. 2. Which systemic diseases are associated with…
Tearing and the Lacrimal System
Oculoplastics 1. What are the causes of tearing? Tearing, also known as epiphora, occurs when there is an increase in the amount of tears produced or when there is a…
Trabeculectomy Surgery
1. What are the indications for trabeculectomy surgery? Trabeculectomy is indicated when neither medical nor laser therapy sufficiently controls glaucoma progression and that progression is likely to diminish a patient’s…
Traumatic Glaucoma and Hyphema
1. What is a hyphema? A hyphema is blood in the anterior chamber. The appearance of a hyphema may range from microscopic, seen only at the slit lamp as erythrocytes…
Secondary Open-Angle Glaucoma
1. A 72-year-old man presents for a routine exam. He states that vision in the left eye is getting bad. On exam, he has vision of 20/30 in the right…
Medical Treatment of Glaucoma
1. What classes of medications are used to treat glaucoma? See Table 18-1 . Table 18-1 Commonly Used Agents for Glaucoma Management Chemical Name Color Top Strength Usual Dosage Size…
Keratoconus
1. What is keratoconus? Keratoconus is a noninflammatory ectatic disorder of the cornea that leads to variable visual impairment. The cornea becomes steepened and thinned, thereby inducing myopia and irregular…
Refractive Surgery
1. What are the refractive components of the eye? The cornea and the lens refract incident light so that it is focused on the fovea, the center of the retina….
Angle-Closure Glaucoma
1. What landmarks are seen in the anterior chamber angle? The structures noted in anterior-to-posterior sequence are as follows (numbered list corresponds to numbers in Fig. 16-1 ): 1. Schwalbe’s…
