Introduction While radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment for primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), surgical resection of the recurrent cancer with the adjacent mucosal wall (nasopharyngectomy)…
Introduction The facial translocation approach (FTA) for access to the cranial base was first described in the late 1980s by Dr. Ivo P. Janecka and colleagues at the University of…
Introduction Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a squamous cell carcinoma of an undifferentiated type. This cancer is endemic among Chinese, having the highest incidence of 10 to 20 per 100,000 for…
Introduction The transcervical approach to the oropharynx and hypopharynx provides excellent exposure for the removal of a variety of lesions. The lateral pharyngectomy approach was first described by Cheever in…
Introduction Certain ethnogeographic groups have been found to have an increased risk of developing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Studies have shown that among the Chinese, there is a very high incidence…
Introduction A hollow viscus located immediately posterior to the larynx, the hypopharynx is related to the oral pharynx superiorly and the cervical esophagus inferiorly. It is divided into three anatomic…
Introduction Carcinoma of the base of the tongue can be managed with either surgical or nonsurgical approaches. Historically, most surgical resections in this region have involved open approaches, such as…
Introduction The association of an elongated styloid process with pharyngeal and cervical pain is known as Eagle syndrome and was first described in 1937. Eagle syndrome is characterized as a…
Introduction The soft palate is a subsite of the oropharynx. Its axial plane defines the superior boundary of the oropharynx, incompletely separating it from the nasopharynx above. The soft palate…
Introduction Almost 50,000 people develop oral and oropharyngeal cancers each year with almost 9000 deaths annually. When diagnosed and treated in its early stages, 5-year survival rates can exceed 83%….
