Surgical Planning in Keratoconus
KEY CONCEPTS • Before performing any refractive intervention in keratoconus, it is important to recognize the progressive nature of the disease and to treat appropriately. • The only surgical treatment…
Other Diagnostic Imaging Tools for Keratoconus
KEY CONCEPTS Diagnosis, refractive screening, and collagen cross-linking changes in keratoconus with: • Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) and Corvis ST • Brillouin microscopy • Ex vivo assessment of corneal biomechanics….
Epithelial Thickness Mapping for Keratoconus Screening by VHF Digital Ultrasound or Anterior Segment OCT
KEY CONCEPTS • Epithelial thickness maps provide a higher sensitivity and specificity in the detection of keratoconus than topography and tomography alone. • Epithelial thickness maps may help identify keratoconus…
Confocal Microscopy
KEY CONCEPTS • Superficial corneal epithelium cells show an elongated shape in keratoconus patients. • Stromal corneal nerves are thicker in keratoconus patients. • After cross-linking treatment, stromal keratocytes become…
Scheimpflug Imaging for Keratoconus and Ectatic Disease
KEY CONCEPTS • Scheimpflug imaging provides a complete anterior segment analysis that is not possible with older Placido-based systems. • Imaging of the posterior cornea allows identification of subclinical keratoconus…
Ocular Wavefront Analysis
KEY CONCEPTS • Wavefront sensing has renewed interest in understanding and correcting ocular irregularities and improving human visual acuity. The different systems used to analyze wavefront aberrations of the eye…
Corneal Topography in Keratoconus
KEY CONCEPTS • Corneal topography is an important tool for detecting corneal morphology, enabling both correct classification of keratoconus (KC) and detection of suspicious or initial patterns of the disease….
Artificial Intelligence in Keratoconus
KEY CONCEPTS • Machine learning models have been used effectively in the diagnosis of keratoconus. • Machine learning models such as neural networks, decision trees, and support vector machines have…
Psychology of Keratoconus
KEY CONCEPTS • Keratoconus can have a psychological impact due to its onset during the formative years of adolescence and a decrease in quality of life, even in the presence…
Inflammation in Keratoconus
KEY CONCEPTS • Inflammatory mediators are among the key contributing and modifiable factors in keratoconus (KC). • A significant increase in the inflammatory factors and immune components in the corneal…
