10.1055/b-0038-162763 5.0 Anatomy and Physiology of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract The upper aerodigestive tract is composed of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, trachea, and esophagus. The…
10.1055/b-0038-162769 5.6 Laryngeal Manifestations of Systemic Diseases Key Features Systemic diseases may generate vocal and airway consequences. Management of the underlying systemic illness may or may not enable reversal of…
10.1055/b-0038-162768 5.5 Acid Reflux Disorders Key Features Laryngopharyngeal reflux is distinct from classic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The work-up may involve an endoscopy, barium studies, and a pH probe. Extraesophageal…
10.1055/b-0038-162767 5.4 Swallowing Disorders 5.4.1 Zenker′s Diverticulum Key Features Zenker′s diverticulum is a posterior pharyngeal pulsion diverticulum. It occurs in an area of potential weakness (Killian-Jamieson, Laimer-Hackermann area, Killian′s dehiscence)…
10.1055/b-0038-162766 5.3 Voice Disorders 5.3.1 Papillomatosis Key Features Papillomatosis is the most common benign neoplasm of the larynx. It is a human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced lesion. There is a low chance…
10.1055/b-0038-162765 5.2 Neurolaryngology Key Features Neurolaryngeal examination is a key component in the evaluation of any voice disorder. Laryngeal dysfunction may be an early sign of systemic neurologic conditions, even…
10.1055/b-0038-162764 5.1 Laryngeal and Esophageal Emergencies 5.1.1 Stridor Key Features Stridor is an indication of airway compromise and should be considered an emergency. The priorities are to identify the site…
10.1055/b-0038-162762 4.7 Rhinologic Manifestations of Systemic Diseases Key Features Nonspecific sinonasal symptoms may be associated with a systemic disease. The symptoms are often managed medically to treat underlying disease. Radiographic…
10.1055/b-0038-162761 4.6 Taste Disorders Key Features The sense of taste is mediated by cranial nerves (CNs) VII, IX, and X. Most complaints of taste dysfunction are in fact olfactory disorders….
10.1055/b-0038-162760 4.5 Anosmia and Other Olfactory Disorders Key Features Olfactory sensory neurons situated in the nasal cavity constitute the first cranial nerve (CN I) and relay olfactory stimuli to the…
