10.1055/b-0038-162780 7.5 Hypothyroidism Key Features Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder resulting from deficiency of thyroid hormone. In primary hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland produces insufficient amounts of thyroid hormone. In…
10.1055/b-0038-162779 7.4 Hyperthyroidism Key Features Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic condition associated with elevated levels of free T4, free T3, or both. The incidence of hyperthyroidism is between 0.05 and 1.3%,…
10.1055/b-0038-162778 7.3 Thyroid Nodules and Cysts Key Features A thyroid nodule is a discrete lesion within the thyroid gland that is radiologically distinct from the surrounding thyroid parenchyma. Nodular disease…
10.1055/b-0038-162777 7.2 Thyroid Evaluation Key Features Thyroid function tests are common procedures performed to determine how well the thyroid is functioning. Evaluation may include blood tests and imaging (ultrasound), nuclear…
10.1055/b-0038-162775 7.0 Embryology and Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland Key Features The thyroid is an H-shaped vascular gland located in the anterior lower neck just below the larynx. Its function…
10.1055/b-0038-162774 6.4 The Salivary Glands 6.4.0 Embryology and Anatomy of the Salivary Glands Key Features The salivary glands begin to form at 6 to 9 weeks gestation. The major salivary…
10.1055/b-0038-162773 6.3 Head and Neck Cancer Key Features Head and neck cancer comprises a heterogeneous group of tumors, consisting predominantly of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the upper aerodigestive tract….
10.1055/b-0038-162770 6.0 Anatomy of the Neck Surgically, it is useful to consider the neck anatomy in terms of compartments or levels and to consider fascial layers. The neck is covered…
10.1055/b-0038-162772 6.2 Approach to Neck Masses Key Features A neck mass may be inflammatory, congenital, or neoplastic. It may be anterior (midline), lateral, posterolateral, or supraclavicular. The patient′s history should…
10.1055/b-0038-162771 6.1 Neck Emergencies 6.1.1 Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections of the Head and Neck Key Features Necrotizing fasciitis is a soft tissue infection that causes necrosis of fascia and subcutaneous…
