Ento Key

Introduction to Stapes Surgery Many otologists would describe stapes surgery as among the most satisfying of all ear operations. The procedure is elegant, technically sophisticated, and most patients are highly…

It is more than a little ironic that most patients think of the ear in terms of the pinna, whereas many ear surgeons relegate pinna surgery to their facial plastic…

Primary acquired cholesteatoma is an invagination of the tympanic membrane, of variable aggressiveness, with accumulation of desquamated keratin and a notable tendency to destroy bone. It is controversial whether cholesteatoma…

The invention of microsurgical repair of chronic tympanic membrane perforation was one of the great contributions of 20th century otology. With success rates in experienced hands well over 90%, it…

While most mastoid surgery is conducted for infection, mastoidectomy is also performed to create a pathway to the deeper recesses of the temporal bone. These include surgery for neoplasia, vestibular…

2.2 Patient Positioning Fig. 2.1 The three variables for positioning of the head in ear microsurgery: rotation, tilt, and flexion–extension. Fig. 2.2 Incorrect positioning with the head under rotated, extended, and tilted. This…

A rigorous understanding of anatomy underlies safe and effective ear microsurgery. Traditionally, anatomical dissection of temporal bones was the primary educational means of being introduced to the complex and convoluted…

Facial nerve injury is a risk in virtually all ear procedures and its injury is the most dreaded complication in routine otologic surgery. Historically, it was sometimes said that “God…

Diseases of the ossicular chain most often occur as an aftermath of infection and less commonly due to trauma or tumor. Conductive hearing loss may result from either discontinuity of…

12.2 Temporal Bone Fractures Fig. 12.1 Fractures through the petrous pyramid may result from either posterior or lateral blows to the head. The skull base fractures more easily when struck from the…