Key Points ▪ Glottic and subglottic stenosis may arise from diverse etiologies that include, in descending order of frequency, iatrogenic causes such as prolonged endotracheal intubation or laryngeal surgery; external…
Key Points ▪ Most foreign bodies found in the airway or alimentary tract occur in boys under the age of 3 years. Common airway foreign bodies include peanuts, seeds, and…
Key Points ▪ The first priority in evaluating children with aerodigestive disorders is to ensure a safe airway. ▪ The coordination of breathing and swallowing is crucial to survival, because…
Key Points ▪ The two major categories of neck masses in children are congenital and acquired lesions. The majority of congenital lesions are cysts, whereas most acquired lesions are infectious…
Key Points • Preservation of hearing and the seventh cranial nerve must always take precedence over the desire to correct conductive hearing loss in congenital aural atresia and congenital external…
Key Points ▪ Trauma is a predominant cause of morbidity in the pediatric population and the most common cause of death in children over 1 year of age. ▪ Anatomic…
Key Points ▪ The physician must be familiar with and able to diagnose a wide range of infections that may be seen in the pediatric head and neck. ▪ The…
Key Points ▪ All theories of facial growth control mechanisms are speculative, and none is fully satisfactory. ▪ In Moss’s functional matrix hypothesis, the functional matrix surrounding cartilage and bone…
Key Points ▪ Microtia is a congenital anomaly of the ear that occurs in about 0.03% of live births. It is estimated that at least half of these patients have…
Key Points ▪ Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may play a role in promoting subglottic injury, and treatment for GERD should be considered in coordination with laryngotracheal reconstruction. ▪ Eosinophilic esophagitis…
