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Retinal Artery Occlusion Occlusion of retinal arterioles in the form of a branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) or central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) may be a precursor to further visual…

Visual Fields Testing visual fields is an integral part of the neuro-ophthalmologic examination in any patient with an afferent system problem. In fact, any patient who has decreased vision that…

Examination of the Afferent Visual System The purpose of the neuro-ophthalmic examination is to detect visual abnormalities (acuity or visual field) and to determine if they are due to neuro-ophthalmic…