10.1055/b-0038-162745 3.1 Otologic Emergencies 3.1.1 Sudden Hearing Loss Key Features Sudden hearing loss can be sensorineural or conductive in nature. Audiogram is performed to differentiate between sensorineural and conductive hearing…
10.1055/b-0038-162746 3.2 Otitis Media 3.2.1 Acute Otitis Media Key Features Acute otitis media occurs when there is a bulging tympanic membrane with middle ear fluid. It is one of the…
10.1055/b-0038-162744 3.0 Embryology and Anatomy of the Ear Embryology Auricle Week 6: Hillocks of His form from condensations of the first and second branchial arches. The first three hillocks are…
10.1055/b-0038-162743 2.4 Common Postoperative Problems A deviation from expected recovery requires prompt and appropriate evaluation. Such deviations may present with a change in exam findings, a subjective complaint from the…
10.1055/b-0038-162742 2.3 Fluids and Electrolytes Key Features Appropriate fluid balance perioperatively can be estimated from established formulas. Attention to fluids and electrolytes is especially important in the patient who is…
10.1055/b-0038-162740 2.1 Airway Assessment and Management All forms of surgery in the head and neck region require consideration of airway management, maintenance of ventilation with an adequate form of anesthesia,…
10.1055/b-0038-162741 2.2 Anesthesia 2.2.1 Principles of Anesthesia Modes of Anesthesia General anesthesia: This mode is characterized by total loss of consciousness with blunted (or absent) protective upper airway reflexes and…
10.1055/b-0038-162739 2.0 Preoperative Assessment The aims of the Preoperative Assessment are risk stratification and identification of medical conditions and their severity ( Table 2.1 ). An additional goal is to…
10.1055/b-0038-162738 1.8 Complementary and Alternative Otolaryngologic Medicine Key Features Patients often use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM); it is important to inquire about use. There is evidence that some CAM…
10.1055/b-0038-162737 1.7 Lasers in Otolaryngology Key Features The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser is the most commonly used laser in otolaryngology—head and neck surgery and facial plastic surgery. Complications of laser…
