7.1 Gastrocnemius (medial) • Surface anatomy : Prominent upper half of calf medial side. • Origin : Medial condyle of femur. • Insertion : Calcaneus (Achilles tendon). • Function :…

4.1 Brachioradialis • Surface anatomy : Lateral border of the antecubital fossa and palpable with forearm flexion at neutral position. • Origin : Lateral supracondylar ridge of the distal humerus….

9.1 Oromandibular dystonia (difficult to open mouth) From Werner KM, Ooi WW, McQuillen, DP et al. Chapter 44 – Bacterial Diseases. In: Srinivasan J, Chaves CJ, Scott BJ, Small JE,…

8.1 Abductor hallucis From Moses KP, Nava P, Banks J, Petersen D. Chapter 47 – Foot, Atlas of Clinical Gross Anatomy. 2 nd ed. Elsevier/Saunders; 2013 • Surface anatomy :…

10.1 Opisthotonos From Kliegman RM, St Geme JW 3rd. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21 st ed. Elsevier; 2020: p. 3058 1. Clinical feature: whole spinal extension posture. Depending on the…

3.1 Pectoralis major • Surface anatomy : Superficial and thick muscle. • Origin : Wide origin area such as medial clavicle, sternum, and cartilages of all ribs. • Insertion :…

5.1 Abductor pollicis brevis • Surface anatomy : Most superficial layer of thenar muscles and lies most radial side. • Origin : Transverse carpal ligament and radial carpal bones. •…

1.1 Temporalis From Logan BM, Reynolds PA, Rice S, Hutchings R. McMinn’s Color Atlas of Head and Neck Anatomy. 5th ed. Elsevier; 2017: p.132. • Surface anatomy : Superficial, wide,…

2.1 Lower trapezius • Surfac e anatomy : Lower part of trapezius and thin superficial muscle covering parts of scapula and rhomboid muscles. • Origin : Spinous process of T4–T12…