Hyoid Suspension
Abstract For patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea who fail continuous positive airway pressure, a variety of surgical procedures are available. To determine the surgical intervention most suitable,…
OTOLARYNGOLOGY
Maxillomandibular Advancement for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Introduction The fundamental principle of maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) is to move the muscular attachments of the hard palate, tongue, and suprahyoid soft tissue in an anterior direction by advancement of…
Office-Based Procedures: Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of a Mass in the Head and Neck
Introduction When evaluating a patient with a mass in the head and neck, the fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) plays a critical role in the initial workup. It can help establish…
Genioglossus Advancement
Introduction The pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is complex and involves many anatomic and physiologic factors. The Fujita system for classifying the level of airway obstruction is often employed…
Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Therapy
Introduction The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), its complex pathophysiology, and the suboptimal adherence rates with positive pressure therapy require alternative treatment strategies in many OSA patients. Hypoglossal nerve…
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and Related Modifications (Traditional Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, Uvulopalatal Flap, Anterior Palatoplasty)
Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a dynamic collapse and obstruction of the upper airway occurring in sleep due to decreased upper airway neuromuscular activity. At least 13% of men…
Cancer of the Cervical Esophagus
Introduction Cancer of the cervical esophagus has long been known as one of the most difficult neoplasms to treat and cure surgically. It is relatively uncommon, representing less than 5%…
Dysfunction of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter
Introduction The cricopharyngeus muscle is the major component of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES). The cricopharyngeus muscle is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus, which is composed of contributions from the…
Advanced Palatal Surgery: Expansion Sphincter Pharyngoplasty & Transpalatal Advancement Pharyngoplasty
Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a state-dependent phenomenon in which the pharyngolarynx undergoes repetitive collapse. Retropalatal obstruction is often the primary site of sleep-disordered breathing. Traditional uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) as…
Office-Based Snoring Procedures
Introduction “Primary snoring” can be described as a symptomatic, sleep-related, respiration-dependent acoustic phenomenon with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of less than 5 and without complaints of daytime sleepiness. Snoring is…
