1 Introduction 1.2 Indications and Contraindications Obstruction of the airway at the retropalatinal and retropharyngeal airway is the key factor in the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Patient…
1 Introduction The genioglossus muscle originates from the genial tubercle, inserts posteriorly at the tip of the tongue and the dorsum of the tongue, and into the body of the…
Robert H. Maisel Tracheostomy historically is the first treatment offered for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). It remains the only surgical option directed at OSA that uniformly eliminates sleep apnea permanently. Since…
1 Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder. It is characterized by repetitive apneas and hypopneas during sleep. These events are due to partial or complete collapse…
1 Introduction The major contributing factors to retrolingual collapse in sleep apnea are macroglossia, hypotonia, retrognathia, and lingual tonsillar hyperplasia. Any or all of these may contribute to varying degrees…
1 Introduction As new concepts have emerged in the medical literature for sleep apnea and also based on our own experience, lateral pharyngoplasty (LP) was developed and updated several times…
Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) medicine currently has several different systems at its disposal for minimally invasive treatments that apply high-frequency electric current to achieve a therapeutic effect. This chapter…
1 Introduction Upper airway stimulation is a novel approach to the management of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) therapy has been shown to improve objective respiratory and…
Radiofrequency (RF) energy has been used in medicine for numerous applications, including cutting tissue, vessel coagulation, and tissue volume reduction. There are unipolar, bipolar, and even multipolar devices in use…
1 Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) results from a complex scenario initiated with airway collapse and obstruction, loss of compensatory wake and sleep reflexes, increased ventilatory effort, arousal, hypoventilation,…
