Enucleation Arthika Chandramohan, MD, MPH Dilraj S. Grewal, MD Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, MD, MHS PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS Indications for enucleation in children are rare, but most commonly include the following1: Blind, painful…

Epiblepharon Repair Michelle T. Cabrera, MD PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS In an eye with lower lid epiblepharon, identify whether the patient has been symptomatic from trichiasis. If possible, perform a careful slit…

Tarsorrhaphy Michelle S. Go, MD PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS When deciding whether or not the patient needs a tarsorrhaphy, it is helpful to think of the reasons for corneal decompensation. If the…

Lid Lesions Alice A. Lin, MD PEDIATRIC LID LESIONS Preoperative Considerations One of the main preoperative considerations with pediatric lid lesions is whether there is need for surgical treatment at…

Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction Ryan E. Davis, MD DISEASE DESCRIPTION/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is a relatively common problem, occurring in up to 20% of infants in the first…

Dermoid Cyst Removal James W. Weightman, MD PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS On physical examination, determine whether the cystic lesion is a simple superficial dermoid cyst or a complex cyst with orbital or…

Retinal Detachments and Vitrectomy Xinxin Zhang, MD Lejla Vajzovic, MD HISTORY Onset—often delayed presentation as patient or caregivers may not recognize or report vision loss.1 Birth history—retinopathy of prematurity, TORCH…

Retinoblastoma Miguel A. Materin, MD BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular primary malignancy in children with an estimated incidence of 1/15 000 live births. If untreated, it is a…

Nonaccidental Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome) Martha A. Howard, MD The diagnosis of nonaccidental trauma cannot be made upon isolated physical examination findings. It requires the careful synthesis of information from…

Retinopathy of Prematurity Xi Chen, MD, PhD Lejla Vajzovic, MD Cynthia A. Toth, MD Preterm infants are at risk for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a disease caused by delayed or…