OPHTHALMOLOGY
The Sclera
Fig. 4.1 A buphthalmic eye in a case of neurofibromatosis typeie type 1. The sclera is very distensible in the infant eye, and the eye becomes uniformly enlarged due to…
Case Studies
(11) School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 8.1.1 Background A 31-year-old female (RM), diagnosed with moderate dry eye 6 months previously by her…
Dry Eye: Future Directions and Research
Fig. 7.1 Concept of aging The free radical theory: Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) eventually overwhelms the counteracting antioxidant defenses leading to cellular damage and aging. The metabolic theory:…
Practical Office-Based Screening and Diagnostics
Testing category Specific test(s) Tests for a general clinic Tests for a specialized unit Symptoms Questionnaires McMonnies, Schein, OSDI, DEQ, OCI, SPEED, and others McMonnies, Schein, OSDI, DEQ, OCI,…
Surgical Management of Dry Eyes
Fig. 6.1 Inferior conjunctivochalasis The primary indication for surgical intervention for conjunctivochalasis is intolerance of foreign body sensation. The most common locations of excess conjunctiva causing symptoms include inferiorly and…
The Definition and Classification of Dry Eye Disease
Fig. 1.1 Etiological classification of dry eye Aqueous–deficient dry eye is due to lacrimal disease or dysfunction, whereby tear hyperosmolarity is caused by evaporation from a reduced volume of tears….
Medical Management of Dry Eye
Treatment goals Tests Relieve symptoms Symptom questionnaire: McMonnies, OSDI Enhance lubrication Lid-wiper fluorescein staining Stabilize tear film TFBUT Protect ocular surface cells Ocular Protection Index Retard evaporative tear loss Tear…
Artificial Tears
Fig. 4.1 Preservative-free unit-dose vials Fig. 4.2 COMOD® system for preservative-free multidose containers AT consists of an active ingredient that promotes ocular surface wetting, buffering agents, preservatives, electrolytes, and other…
