Microblepharon Key Points Microblepharon refers to a vertical shortening of the upper or lower eyelids The etiology is unknown, but it has been described as an isolated unilateral finding or…

Marcus Gunn Jaw Wink Ptosis Key Points Marcus Gunn jaw wink ptosis (MGJWP) is one of the most common congenital synkinetic eyelid disorders, but it is not the only one…

Madarosis Key Points Madarosis is the complete loss of eyelashes or eyebrow hair due to a variety of causes This is generally distinct from hypotrichosis, which refers to a reduction…

Horner Syndrome Key Points Horner syndrome (HS) results from the interruption of the oculosympathetic pathway Symptoms include ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis ± lateralizing signs A detailed knowledge of the anatomy…

Hemifacial Spasm Key Points Hemifacial spasm is a movement disorder characterized by spasms of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve It typically begins in the fifth to sixth decades…

Floppy Eyelid Syndrome Key Points Floppy eyelid syndrome is an acquired condition It is characterized by hyperelastic, floppy, or rubbery eyelids that evert spontaneously during sleep causing exposure symptoms The…

Euryblepharon Key Points Euryblepharon is a horizontal enlargement of the palpebral aperture The etiology of euryblepharon is unknown, but theories include shortening of the anterior lamella, partial or complete developmental…

Essential Blepharospasm Key Points Essential blepharospasm (EB) is a complex neurologic condition Secondary, or reflex, blepharospasm is due to ocular surface disease, such as keratitis or blepharitis, or with eyelid…

Epicanthal Folds Key Points Epicanthal folds are small crescentic webs of skin that contour around the medial canthal region with their concavity directed toward the inner canthus They can be…