Erysipelas Key Points Erysipelas is a nonnecrotizing bacterial infection of the superficial layers of the skin The most common causative organism is Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci) S. pyogenes has…

Distensible Venous Malformations (Varices) Key Points Distensible venous malformations (DVMs) are abnormally enlarged and tortuous veins, or less commonly Periocular DVMs are more commonly seen in the orbit than in…

Dermatofibroma Key Points Dermatofibroma is a benign, cutaneous form of fibrous histiocytoma occurring in the dermis of the skin The etiology remains controversial but theories include a reactive process or…

Dermoid Cyst Key Points Dermoid cysts are a common developmental cystic choristoma Approximately 7% occur in the head and neck most commonly in the periorbital region Ninety percent or more…

Cutaneous Horn Key Points A cutaneous horn is a firm, variably pigmented, conical projection composed of compacted keratin They may arise on top of benign, premalignant, or malignant skin lesions…

Comedones Key Points A comedo is a skin condition that occurs when a dilated pilosebaceous orifice is clogged by a keratotic plug and sebum They may be open (blackheads) or…

Chalazion and Hordeolum Key Points Hordeolum is a common painful infection of the eyelid margin It is usually caused by a staphylococcal infection and presents as a red swollen furuncle…

Blepharitis Key Points Blepharitis is a common chronic inflammatory condition that affects the eyelid margin It can be classified etiologically into infectious and noninfectious types, and anatomically into anterior and…

Cavernous Venous Malformations Key Points Cavernous venous malformations, previously called cavernous hemangiomas, are rarely observed in the eyelids They are low flow developmental venous malformations and not true tumors, and…

Atopic Dermatitis Key Points Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by the presence of chronic, eczematous, or scaly lesions with remissions and exacerbations Patients may have a…