Lamellar Keratoplasty in Keratoconus
KEY CONCEPTS • Lamellar keratoplasty is often required for advanced keratoconus when contact lens wear is no longer comfortable or an ideal fit cannot be achieved. • Regional pachymetry and…
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Medical and Surgical Management of Corneal Hydrops
Introduction Acute corneal hydrops (ACH) is characterized by sudden-onset corneal edema, typically in the setting of a corneal ectatic disorder. It is a vision-threatening complication of keratoconus that can result…
Combined Procedures for Keratoconus
KEY CONCEPTS • A combined procedure is justified when a single procedure cannot achieve the same safety and efficacy. • Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the individual procedures should be…
Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments Mechanism and Techniques
KEY CONCEPTS Mechanism: • An intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) acts as a spacer, shortens arc length, and increases thickness in the cornea. • The corrective effect is correlated in…
Anatomy of Intracorneal Ring Segments for the Treatment of Keratoconus and Other Corneal Ectasias
KEY CONCEPTS • There is an inverse relationship between the diameter of the ring and its effect on the cornea. • The width of the intrastromal corneal ring segments is…
Penetrating Keratoplasty in Keratoconus
KEY CONCEPTS • Despite the increasing popularity of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), penetrating keratoplasty (PK) remains an important modality in the surgical management of advanced keratoconus, particularly in cases…
Corneal Laser Surgery for Keratoconus
KEY CONCEPTS • Corneal laser surgery for keratoconus has become possible, thanks to the advent of corneal cross-linking and major improvements in customized excimer laser ablation algorithms. • Laser surgery…
Corneal Cross-Linking: History, Physiology, and Techniques
KEY CONCEPTS • Corneal cross-linking (CXL) is a photopolymerization process using riboflavin as initiator or photo mediator. • In the cornea, oxygen and energy (ultraviolet light) are consumed during this…
Phakic Intraocular Lenses
KEY CONCEPTS • Both anterior and posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses (PIOL) are safe and effective options for visual rehabilitation in patients with stable, mild-moderate keratoconus (KC). • In cases…
Dual Scheimpflug Tomography and Placido Topography
KEY CONCEPTS • Placido-based corneal topography and Scheimpflug anterior segment optical tomography are long-established valuable technologies widely used in clinical practice and refractive surgery screening protocols. • With the combination…
