Introduction Acute corneal hydrops (ACH) is characterized by sudden-onset corneal edema, typically in the setting of a corneal ectatic disorder. It is a vision-threatening complication of keratoconus that can result…
KEY CONCEPTS • A combined procedure is justified when a single procedure cannot achieve the same safety and efficacy. • Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the individual procedures should be…
KEY CONCEPTS Mechanism: • An intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) acts as a spacer, shortens arc length, and increases thickness in the cornea. • The corrective effect is correlated in…
KEY CONCEPTS • There is an inverse relationship between the diameter of the ring and its effect on the cornea. • The width of the intrastromal corneal ring segments is…
KEY CONCEPTS • Despite the increasing popularity of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), penetrating keratoplasty (PK) remains an important modality in the surgical management of advanced keratoconus, particularly in cases…
KEY CONCEPTS • Corneal laser surgery for keratoconus has become possible, thanks to the advent of corneal cross-linking and major improvements in customized excimer laser ablation algorithms. • Laser surgery…
KEY CONCEPTS • Corneal cross-linking (CXL) is a photopolymerization process using riboflavin as initiator or photo mediator. • In the cornea, oxygen and energy (ultraviolet light) are consumed during this…
KEY CONCEPTS • Both anterior and posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses (PIOL) are safe and effective options for visual rehabilitation in patients with stable, mild-moderate keratoconus (KC). • In cases…
KEY CONCEPTS • Placido-based corneal topography and Scheimpflug anterior segment optical tomography are long-established valuable technologies widely used in clinical practice and refractive surgery screening protocols. • With the combination…
KEY CONCEPTS Patients at risk of progression • Younger age (less than 17 years old) • Maximum keratometry greater than 55 D at time of diagnosis • Family history •…
