ABNORMALITIES OF SHAPE Coloboma Definition • A rare, congenital, unilateral or bilateral, condition which may be associated with other defects. Signs • Notching of the inferior or inferotemporal equator with…

CONJUNCTIVITIS Signs of conjunctival inflammation Conjunctival injection The conjunctival vessels are most superficial and thin, and apart from the major arteries and veins, are virtually invisible to the naked eye….

ABNORMAL PUPILLARY REACTIONS Right physiological anisocoria Signs ( Fig. 9.1 ) a. In dim light the right pupil is larger than the left. b. In bright light both pupils constrict…

CLINICAL SIGNS IN ORBITAL DISEASE 1. Bony • Hypertelorism. • Dystopia in which the orbits are not level. • Shallow orbits. 2. Soft tissue • Lid oedema. • Ptosis. •…

VITREOUS CELLS Leucocytes Iridocyclitis Signs • Retrolental cells ( Fig. 11.1 ) seen in association with aqueous cells. Fig. 11.1 Intermediate uveitis Definition • A common, chronic, frequently bilateral but…

TRABECULAR HYPERPIGMENTATION Pseudoexfoliation syndrome Definition • An uncommon, usually bilateral, condition that predisposes to glaucoma. It typically affects the elderly. Signs • Hyperpigmentation is most marked inferiorly. The pigment lies…

ABNORMAL DEPTH Very deep Table 6.1 Causes of very deep anterior chamber 1. Large globe • High myopia (see Fig. 5.8 ) • Buphthalmos (see Fig. 5.7 ) 2. Large…

ANTERIOR NON-NECROTISING DISEASE Without a nodule Diffuse (simple) episcleritis Signs • Interpalpebral hyperaemia involving superficial episcleral vessels (large tortuous and radially orientated) and deep episcleral vessels (smaller and interlacing). •…