Infectious keratitis is characterized by corneal inflammation and defects caused by replicating bacteria, fungi, or protozoa. These infections can progress rapidly with devastating consequences, including corneal scarring and loss of…
Overview Over the past century, a number of corneal diseases have been documented with detailed family histories suggesting autosomal-dominant, autosomal-recessive, and X-linked recessive hereditary patterns. Modern genetic techniques such as…
Clinical background Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a bilateral, asymmetric, slowly progressive disorder specific to the corneal endothelium, resulting in decreased visual function and in some cases pain, secondary…
Clinical background The safety and predictability of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) have improved since these procedures were introduced, but the corneal wound-healing response remains a…
Overview The human cornea consists of an outer stratified epithelium, and an inner monolayer of epithelial cells referred to as the corneal endothelium. The middle layer, or stroma, constitutes 90%…
Overview Loss or reduction in corneal transparency occurs from a variety of causes, including edema resulting from diseases such as Fuchs’ dystrophy and bullous keratopathy, scarring resulting from wound healing,…
Overview Loss or reduction in corneal transparency occurs from a variety of causes, including edema resulting from diseases such as Fuchs’ dystrophy and bullous keratopathy, scarring resulting from wound healing,…
Trauma Choroidal Rupture Tear in choroid, Bruch’s membrane, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is usually seen after blunt trauma. Acutely, the rupture site may be obscured by hemorrhage; scars form…
Eyelid Trauma Eyelid trauma must be evaluated thoroughly, because seemingly trivial trauma may threaten the viability of the globe. Embedded foreign bodies, incomplete eyelid closure, and lacrimal system damage can…
