Trichomegaly Key Points Trichomegaly is an abnormal increase in the length, thickness, or pigmentation of the eyelashes but not in their number The causes of trichomegaly are extensive and may…

Trichiasis Key Points Trichiasis is a disorder in which the eyelashes are misdirected toward the ocular surface, without an associated in-turning of the eyelid margin Trichiasis is an acquired condition…

Telecanthus Key Points Telecanthus is an abnormally wide distance between the medial canthi with a normal interpupillary distance It can be congenital, or acquired, or isolated, associated with many syndromes,…

Microblepharon Key Points Microblepharon refers to a vertical shortening of the upper or lower eyelids The etiology is unknown, but it has been described as an isolated unilateral finding or…

Marcus Gunn Jaw Wink Ptosis Key Points Marcus Gunn jaw wink ptosis (MGJWP) is one of the most common congenital synkinetic eyelid disorders, but it is not the only one…

Madarosis Key Points Madarosis is the complete loss of eyelashes or eyebrow hair due to a variety of causes This is generally distinct from hypotrichosis, which refers to a reduction…

Horner Syndrome Key Points Horner syndrome (HS) results from the interruption of the oculosympathetic pathway Symptoms include ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis ± lateralizing signs A detailed knowledge of the anatomy…

Hemifacial Spasm Key Points Hemifacial spasm is a movement disorder characterized by spasms of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve It typically begins in the fifth to sixth decades…

Floppy Eyelid Syndrome Key Points Floppy eyelid syndrome is an acquired condition It is characterized by hyperelastic, floppy, or rubbery eyelids that evert spontaneously during sleep causing exposure symptoms The…