Ectatic Conditions of the Cornea KERATOCONUS Keratoconus is a fairly common condition characterized by corneal thinning, protrusion, and irregularity. It is almost always bilateral, although the severity of involvement is…
Anterior Segment Developmental Anomalies ANOMALIES OF CORNEAL SIZE AND SHAPE MICROCORNEA Microcornea is an uncommon congenital unilateral or bilateral condition. Inheritance is autosomal dominant or recessive. Signs • Infant horizontal…
Conjunctival Degenerations and Mass Lesions PINGUECULA AND PTERYGIUM Pingueculae and pterygia are extremely common conjunctival/corneal degenerations that typically affect patients living in equatorial regions and patients with a substantial exposure…
Conjunctival Infections and Inflammations BLEPHARITIS AND MEIBOMITIS Chronic blepharitis and meibomitis are very common, bilateral inflammations of the eyelid margins that may cause nonspecific ocular irritation, which is often worse…
Introduction The resurgence of lamellar procedures in corneal surgery over the past several years has come not only in the guise of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for the correction…
Introduction Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is the most widely used technique to correct for most instances of spherocylindrical ametropia because of its safety and predictability, which lead to satisfactory…
Introduction Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is the most common surgical method for the management of refractive errors. Flap creation is the first and most important step in the LASIK…
Introduction The development of new instrumentation to measure human optical aberrations and the recent refinements in the excimer laser delivery systems have opened a new era in vision correction: patient-customized,…
Introduction Presbyopia can be defined as the point where accommodative function declines to less than 3 to 4 diopters (D), receding the near point beyond arms’ length at reading distance….
Introduction Presbyopic corneal inlays are implanted in the corneal stromal tissue to increase the eye’s depth of focus and to correct presbyopia. The initial steps toward the development of present-day…
