Pearls • Outcomes after revision endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (endoscopic DCR) are excellent and the preferred approach when possible. • Endoscopic DCR allows the surgeon to thoroughly evaluate the neo-ostium and address…

Diseases within the tear duct system can interfere with tear drainage and result in epiphora. Poor drainage with secretion retention may result in inflammation and infection. In the majority of…

In the evaluation of patients with acquired tearing, the first step is to assess whether epiphora (tearing caused by insufficient drainage) or lacrimation (hypersecretion of tears) is the cause of…

Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy Nasolacrimal duct dysfunction, whether by lacrimal pump failure or nasolacrimal obstruction, prevents the flow of tears through the lacrimal system, resulting in epiphora. Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is a commonly…

Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is a blockage of the lacrimal drainage system and the most common cause of persistent tearing and ocular discharge in infants and young children. The…

Imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of patients with suspected orbital disease. Radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are commonly used in clinical practice….

Surgical Technique The endoscopic transnasal approach to the orbit usually starts with complete sphenoethmoidectomy and wide opening of the maxillary ostium to oversee the orbital floor. Then the papyraceus lamina…

The impact of intraorbital, intracranial, and sinus lesions on visual function and eye movement can be difficult to quantify. Imaging yields information on lesion location and possible etiology. The role…