Functional and Surgical Anatomy of the Face
Functional and Surgical Anatomy of the Face Brian Cripe, MD Julie Woodward, MD For purposes of aesthetic and reconstructive procedures involving the face, it is beneficial to divide the facial…
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Functional and Surgical Anatomy of the Orbit
Functional and Surgical Anatomy of the Orbit Nicholas Ramey, MD The globe, eyelids, and lacrimal drainage structures are discussed elsewhere. Bones — the orbit is composed of the frontal, sphenoid,…
Functional and Surgical Anatomy of the Lacrimal System
Functional and Surgical Anatomy of the Lacrimal System Sanja G. Cypen, MD AFFERENT LACRIMAL SYSTEM The afferent lacrimal system is responsible for tear production. Tears are produced constantly at a…
Functional and Surgical Anatomy of the Eyelids
Functional and Surgical Anatomy of the Eyelids Alexander J. Altman, MD Jason Liss, MD SURFACE ANATOMY Normal adult eyelids, when open, should form an elliptical fissure that is 8 to…
Fundamental Surgical Technique
Fundamental Surgical Technique Jane S. Kim, MD INTRODUCTION The goal of any oculoplastic procedure is to correct the underlying physical abnormality while achieving excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes. This requires…
Incomitant Deviations
Nature of Incomitant Deviations In some deviations, strabismus or heterophoria, the angle of the deviation varies as the patient moves the eyes to look in different parts of the field….
An Overview of the Management of Strabismus
The previous chapters have described techniques that can be used to investigate and treat strabismus. This chapter provides a clinical guide on how these methods should be applied to different…
Techniques in the Investigation and Management of Comitant Strabismus
When to Treat Comitant Strabismus The first stage in the investigation of strabismus is to discover whether there is any pathological cause for the strabismus. If pathology is present, the…
Microtropia
Microtropia ( Lang, 1966 ), or microsquint, may be found as an apparently primary condition, or may be present as a residual deviation after the treatment of a larger strabismus….
