Prostaglandin Analogs
16 Prostaglandin Analogs Angela Turalba, MD, MMS and Douglas J. Rhee, MD Unoprostone was the first commercially available prostaglandin analog (PGA) and was introduced in the mid-1990s. Latanoprost, bimatoprost, and…
OPHTHALMOLOGY
The Miotics
13 The Miotics Pratap Challa, MD, MS and David L. Epstein, MD, MMM Miotics, or more appropriately termed muscarinic (cholinergic-acting) agonists, have been used in the treatment of the glaucomas…
Practical Aqueous Humor Dynamics
3 Practical Aqueous Humor Dynamics Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS; Rachel L. Anderson, MD; Malik Y. Kahook, MD; and David L. Epstein, MD, MMM CLINICAL RELEVANCE Aqueous Humor Formation Aqueous…
The Patient’s History: Symptoms of Glaucoma
4 The Patient’s History Symptoms of Glaucoma Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS; Rachel L. Anderson, MD; and David L. Epstein, MD, MMM SYMPTOMS Blurred Vision With Haloes When intraocular pressure…
Introduction
1 Introduction Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS; Rachel L. Anderson, MD; and David L. Epstein, MD, MMM THE PROBLEM The study of glaucoma can be both clinically satisfying and intellectually…
36 Imagining the Future of Strabismus Surgery
Irene Ludwig and Joel Miller Summary We have come far in the surgical correction of strabismus, but there is much more on the horizon. One advance already expected to be…
34 Mini-Procedures and Compartmental Surgery for Small Angle Strabismus
Irene Ludwig Summary In some cases, the angle of strabismus is too small to warrant full muscle recession or resection due to a substantial risk of overcorrection, but patient symptoms…
33 Procedures to Restrict Movement
Irene Ludwig Summary Limitation of eye movement may not always be correctable. Cranial nerve palsies, Duane’s syndrome, trauma, and other causes of restrictive strabismus may result in bothersome diplopia in…
23 Classic Strabismus Surgery: Rectus Muscle
Marilyn B. Mets Summary Surgery of the rectus muscles is the most common form of strabismus surgery performed. An understanding of anatomy, careful planning, and excellent surgical technique are required…
35 Transpositions
Irene H. Ludwig and Lionel Kowal Summary Transposition of an extraocular muscle shifts its insertion to change its mode of action. Transposition procedures are usually used to treat deviations resulting…
