The pituitary gland functions prominently in the control of most endocrine systems in the body. Diverse processes such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, and water balance are tightly regulated by the…
Building an endoscopic cranial base practice can be challenging and is predicated on the right team. Successful outcomes stem from an efficient and talented team that improves its skills experientially…
The anatomy of the skull base is complex with multiple neurovascular structures in a small space. Understanding all of the intricate relationships begins with understanding the anatomy of the sphenoid…
Raj Sindwani, MD, FACS, Editor Troy D. Woodard, MD, FACS, Editor
Key points • The majority of nonneoplastic disorders of the parotid gland can be categorized based on clinical history and physical examination. • Classification of the parotid gland disease process…
Key points • Optimal facial rehabilitation must address each affected zone of the face: lower lip, oral commissure, midface, ocular region, and brow. • Since its introduction, the gracilis free…
Facial paralysis can result in serious ocular consequences. All patients with orbicularis oculi weakness in the setting of facial nerve injury should undergo a thorough ophthalmologic evaluation. The main goal…
Parotidectomy is a commonly performed procedure for both benign and malignant lesions. When a significant portion of the gland is resected and the lost tissue volume is not replaced, a…
Key points • Frey syndrome is a common sequela of parotid gland surgery, affecting up to 64% of patients with varying degrees of severity. • Frey syndrome is secondary to…
Key points • Reconstruction after parotidectomy is customized to patients’ needs. • Exposure of both sides of the face during parotidectomy allows accurate reconstruction based on the contralateral side. •…
