Ento Key

KEY CONCEPTS • Epithelial thickness maps provide a higher sensitivity and specificity in the detection of keratoconus than topography and tomography alone. • Epithelial thickness maps may help identify keratoconus…

KEY CONCEPTS • Scheimpflug imaging provides a complete anterior segment analysis that is not possible with older Placido-based systems. • Imaging of the posterior cornea allows identification of subclinical keratoconus…

KEY CONCEPTS • Wavefront sensing has renewed interest in understanding and correcting ocular irregularities and improving human visual acuity. The different systems used to analyze wavefront aberrations of the eye…

KEY CONCEPTS • Corneal topography is an important tool for detecting corneal morphology, enabling both correct classification of keratoconus (KC) and detection of suspicious or initial patterns of the disease….

KEY CONCEPTS • Machine learning models have been used effectively in the diagnosis of keratoconus. • Machine learning models such as neural networks, decision trees, and support vector machines have…

KEY CONCEPTS • Inflammatory mediators are among the key contributing and modifiable factors in keratoconus (KC). • A significant increase in the inflammatory factors and immune components in the corneal…

KEY CONCEPTS • Pertinent medical (systemic and ocular) and family history must be elicited. • Many conditions can mimic keratoconus. These can be classified as ectatic and nonectatic disorders. •…

Introduction As advances in diagnosis and treatment of keratoconus emerge, classification and staging become essential to monitor progression of the disease and response to treatment. There is currently no consensus…

KEY CONCEPTS • Moderate and advanced stages of keratoconus are readily recognized, but the identification of milder or subclinical forms of this disease sometimes remains challenging. • The advent of…