Ento Key

Madarosis Key Points Madarosis is the complete loss of eyelashes or eyebrow hair due to a variety of causes This is generally distinct from hypotrichosis, which refers to a reduction…

Horner Syndrome Key Points Horner syndrome (HS) results from the interruption of the oculosympathetic pathway Symptoms include ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis ± lateralizing signs A detailed knowledge of the anatomy…

Hemifacial Spasm Key Points Hemifacial spasm is a movement disorder characterized by spasms of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve It typically begins in the fifth to sixth decades…

Floppy Eyelid Syndrome Key Points Floppy eyelid syndrome is an acquired condition It is characterized by hyperelastic, floppy, or rubbery eyelids that evert spontaneously during sleep causing exposure symptoms The…

Euryblepharon Key Points Euryblepharon is a horizontal enlargement of the palpebral aperture The etiology of euryblepharon is unknown, but theories include shortening of the anterior lamella, partial or complete developmental…

Essential Blepharospasm Key Points Essential blepharospasm (EB) is a complex neurologic condition Secondary, or reflex, blepharospasm is due to ocular surface disease, such as keratitis or blepharitis, or with eyelid…

Epicanthal Folds Key Points Epicanthal folds are small crescentic webs of skin that contour around the medial canthal region with their concavity directed toward the inner canthus They can be…

Distichiasis Key Points Distichiasis is a rare disorder where there is an abnormal growth of eyelashes from the orifices of the meibomian glands behind the normal row of eyelashes Distichiasis…

Congenital Upper and Lower Eyelid Coloboma Key Points A congenital eyelid coloboma is a full-thickness defect that can be unilateral or bilateral It may present with or without corneopalpebral adhesions…

Blepharophimosis Syndrome Key Points Blepharophimosis syndrome is genetically and phenotypically distinct from simple congenital ptosis Blepharophimosis inheritance is usually autosomal dominant, and approximately 75% of cases have a positive family…