Optic Disc Hemorrhages
Optic Disc Hemorrhages Overview Optic disc hemorrhages have relatively high specificity but relatively low sensitivity for glaucoma.1 These disc hemorrhages can be easily missed in routine clinical examinations,2 have proven…
Central Retinal Vessel Trunk Location
Central Retinal Vessel Trunk Location Overview The distance between the central retinal vessel trunk exit location and the neuroretinal rim may contribute to the vulnerability of associated glaucomatous neuroretinal rim…
Neuroretinal Rim Size, Shape, and Perfusion
Neuroretinal Rim Size, Shape, and Perfusion Overview A careful evaluation of the neuroretinal rim is critical in diagnosing early glaucoma, monitoring for glaucomatous progression, and differentiating between glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous…
Optic Cup Size In Relation to The Optic Disc Size
Optic Cup Size In Relation to The Optic Disc Size Overview Always consider the size of the optic disc when evaluating the size of the optic cup.1 Pearls Optic cup…
Optic Cup Shape and Depth
Optic Cup Shape and Depth Overview The normal shape of the optic disc is slightly vertically oval, whereas the shape of the optic cup (the excavation in the optic disc)…
Optic Disc Shape
Optic Disc Shape Overview The normal shape of the optic disc is slightly vertically oval.1 Pearls Vertical disc diameter is about 7%-10% larger than the horizontal disc diameter. Maximal disc…
Optic Disc Size
Optic Disc Size Overview Careful and systematic evaluation of the optic nerve for glaucoma first begins with accurately determining the size of the optic disc. Correcting for optic disc size…
Introduction
Introduction Glaucoma, despite its multifactorial etiology, is an optic neuropathy with characteristic quantitative and qualitative optic nerve defects.1 Over the past few decades, numerous authors2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 have identified several key quantitative…
Sample Oral Exam #2
Sample Oral Exam #2 Case 13.1 A 41-year-old bartender presents to your clinic with a 24-hour history of a red and painful left eye. She reports that a drunken customer…
Sample Oral Exam #1
Sample Oral Exam #1 Case 12.1 A 21-year-old college student presents with a 2-day history of a red and painful right eye. He reports that he sleeps with his contact…
