Coats Disease
1. What is Coats disease? Exudation, retinal telangiectasia, and retinal aneurysms are hallmarks of the disorder, named for the British ophthalmologist George Coats, who first described this condition in 1908….
Retinal Arterial Obstruction
1. What types of retinal arterial obstructions can occur? Retinal arterial obstructions are generally divided into branch retinal arterial obstructions and central retinal arterial obstructions, depending on the precise site…
Retinoblastoma
1. What is retinoblastoma? Retinoblastoma is the most common eye cancer in children. It arises from primitive cells destined to be retinal tissue. Generally, it is found in babies from…
Pigmented Lesions of the Ocular Fundus
1. What is the main differential diagnosis of a relatively flat pigmented fundus lesion? 1. Choroidal nevus ( Fig. 50-1 ) Figure 50-1 Typical choroidal nevus adjacent to the optic…
Orbital Tumors
1. Should all orbital capillary hemangiomas be excised? No. Orbital capillary hemangioma (hemangioma of infancy) should be treated only if there is evidence of: • Amblyopia caused by refractive error…
Diabetic Retinopathy
1. How is diabetic retinopathy classified? What fundus features are characteristic of each category? • Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR): This form is arbitrarily divided into three categories based on severity:…
Fundus Trauma
1. What are the mechanisms of injury to the fundus in blunt trauma? Blunt trauma to the sclera can produce a direct effect on the underlying choroid and retina. In…
Retinopathy of Prematurity
1. What is retinopathy of prematurity? Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative retinal disease that affects infants born prematurely. It has two phases. In the acute phase, normal vascular…
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
1. What is age-related macular degeneration? Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the leading cause of significant, irreversible central visual loss in the Western world. It is characterized by age-dependent alterations…
