Lacrimal drainage system

Jul 11, 2019 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Lacrimal drainage system

Acquired obstruction Primary punctal stenosis Causes: (a) idiopathic, (b) chronic marginal blepharitis, (c) herpetic (simplex, zoster) lid infection, and (d) conjunctival cicatrization. Diagnosis: narrow inferior punctum in the absence of…

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Dry eye

Jul 11, 2019 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Dry eye

Definitions • Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS): eye with some degree of dryness. • Xerophthalmia: dry eye associated with vitamin A deficiency. • Xerosis: extreme dryness with keratinization occurring secondary to severe…

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Macular Dystrophies

Jul 8, 2019 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Macular Dystrophies

Abstract Macular dystrophies are eye-specific, pathologic disorders whose lesions are biomicroscopically visible in the macula when (or before) symptoms first occur. This chapter discusses the clinicians’ initial approach to patients…

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Vitreous and Vitreoretinal Interface

Jul 8, 2019 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Vitreous and Vitreoretinal Interface

Abstract Vitreous is an extended extracellular matrix that is important in various physiologic processes within the eye. The vitreous body undergoes changes with aging that at best cause floaters and…

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Nanomedicine in Ophthalmology

Jul 8, 2019 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Nanomedicine in Ophthalmology

Abstract Nanotechnology involves the creation and use of materials and devices at the size scale of intracellular structures and molecules. The aim of nanomedicine is to gain fundamental access to…

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Ocular Tumors

Jul 8, 2019 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Ocular Tumors

1. What is the most common malignant intraocular neoplasm? Uveal metastasis, usually from a distant primary carcinoma, is thought to be the most common malignant intraocular neoplasm. An estimated 66,000…

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Retinal Venous Occlusive Disease

Jul 8, 2019 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Retinal Venous Occlusive Disease

Acknowledgments We acknowledge Vernon K. W. Wong, chapter author from the previous edition. Branch retinal vein occlusion 1. What are the symptoms of a branch retinal vein occlusion? Patients may…

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Retinal Detachment

Jul 8, 2019 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Retinal Detachment

1. What is retinal detachment? Retinal detachment (RD) is separation of the neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium with accumulation of fluid in the potential space between the…

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