Acquired obstruction Primary punctal stenosis Causes: (a) idiopathic, (b) chronic marginal blepharitis, (c) herpetic (simplex, zoster) lid infection, and (d) conjunctival cicatrization. Diagnosis: narrow inferior punctum in the absence of…
Abstract Macular dystrophies are eye-specific, pathologic disorders whose lesions are biomicroscopically visible in the macula when (or before) symptoms first occur. This chapter discusses the clinicians’ initial approach to patients…
Abstract Lasers enable exquisitely precise spatial and temporal control of the light delivery to tissue, which can enact a wide variety of interaction mechanisms, including photochemical, photothermal, and photomechanical. A…
Abstract Vitreous is an extended extracellular matrix that is important in various physiologic processes within the eye. The vitreous body undergoes changes with aging that at best cause floaters and…
Abstract Nanotechnology involves the creation and use of materials and devices at the size scale of intracellular structures and molecules. The aim of nanomedicine is to gain fundamental access to…
Abstract Macular edema as a result of a blood–retinal barrier breakdown is common to various diseases. This chapter describes different clinical entities leading to macular edema and details the molecular…
1. What is the most common malignant intraocular neoplasm? Uveal metastasis, usually from a distant primary carcinoma, is thought to be the most common malignant intraocular neoplasm. An estimated 66,000…
Acknowledgments We acknowledge Vernon K. W. Wong, chapter author from the previous edition. Branch retinal vein occlusion 1. What are the symptoms of a branch retinal vein occlusion? Patients may…
1. What is retinal detachment? Retinal detachment (RD) is separation of the neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium with accumulation of fluid in the potential space between the…
