Anterior Corneal Dystrophies
Definition Bilateral disorders, most of which are inherited, in which an abnormal substance accumulates primarily in the corneal epithelium. Key Features • Typically bilateral. • Progressive. • Involvement is anterior…
Acid and Alkali Burns
Definition Chemical exposure to the eye resulting in trauma ranging from mild irritation to severe damage of the ocular surface and anterior segment with permanent vision loss. Key Features •…
Corneal Anatomy, Physiology, and Wound Healing
Definition The cornea represents the transparent anterior wall of the globe. Key Features • The cornea, including the tear film, is the major refractive surface of the eye. • It…
Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis
Definition Destructive inflammation of the peripheral cornea associated with corneal epithelial sloughing and keratolysis. Key Features • Peripheral corneal ulceration. • Unilateral or bilateral. • Progresses circumferentially and posteriorly and…
Parasitic Keratitis
Definition Corneal disease caused by protozoal organisms. Key Feature • Cellular infiltration of the corneal epithelium or stroma, corneal inflammation, and necrosis. Associated Features • Delay in diagnosis is common….
Fungal Keratitis
Definition Corneal disease caused by fungal organisms. Key Feature • Cellular infiltration of the corneal epithelium or stroma, corneal inflammation, and necrosis. Associated Features • Long-term corticosteroid use. • Trauma…
Pterygium and Conjunctival Degenerations
Definition Secondary deterioration or deposition in the conjunctiva, distinct from dystrophies. Key Features • Common. • Bilateral usually. • Typically does not affect vision. Associated Features • Increased prevalence with…
Astigmatic Keratotomy: The Transition from Diamond Blades to Femtosecond Lasers
Definitions • Astigmatic keratotomy (AK) is an incisional procedure in which a diamond blade or a femtosecond laser is used for the correction of astigmatism. • Radial keratotomy (RK) is…
Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid/Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
Definition A heterogeneous group of chronic, systemic, inflammatory, subepithelial, blistering diseases. Key Features • Subepithelial bulla formation, rupture, and scarring of mucous membranes and skin. • Female-to-male ratio of 2 : 1….
