Corneal Anatomy, Physiology, and Wound Healing
Definition The cornea represents the transparent anterior wall of the globe. Key Features • The cornea, including the tear film, is the major refractive surface of the eye. • It…
Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis
Definition Destructive inflammation of the peripheral cornea associated with corneal epithelial sloughing and keratolysis. Key Features • Peripheral corneal ulceration. • Unilateral or bilateral. • Progresses circumferentially and posteriorly and…
Parasitic Keratitis
Definition Corneal disease caused by protozoal organisms. Key Feature • Cellular infiltration of the corneal epithelium or stroma, corneal inflammation, and necrosis. Associated Features • Delay in diagnosis is common….
Fungal Keratitis
Definition Corneal disease caused by fungal organisms. Key Feature • Cellular infiltration of the corneal epithelium or stroma, corneal inflammation, and necrosis. Associated Features • Long-term corticosteroid use. • Trauma…
Pterygium and Conjunctival Degenerations
Definition Secondary deterioration or deposition in the conjunctiva, distinct from dystrophies. Key Features • Common. • Bilateral usually. • Typically does not affect vision. Associated Features • Increased prevalence with…
Astigmatic Keratotomy: The Transition from Diamond Blades to Femtosecond Lasers
Definitions • Astigmatic keratotomy (AK) is an incisional procedure in which a diamond blade or a femtosecond laser is used for the correction of astigmatism. • Radial keratotomy (RK) is…
Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid/Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
Definition A heterogeneous group of chronic, systemic, inflammatory, subepithelial, blistering diseases. Key Features • Subepithelial bulla formation, rupture, and scarring of mucous membranes and skin. • Female-to-male ratio of 2 : 1….
Current Concepts, Classification, and History of Refractive Surgery
Definition Refractive surgery is the surgical correction of refractive errors of the eye such as myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. Key Features • Established subspecialty of ophthalmology. • Growing variety…
Allergic Conjunctivitis
Definition Allergic conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva due to an immediate hypersentivity reaction to environmental allergens. Key Features • Itching and redness are common presenting symptoms. • Treatment includes…
