Episcleritis and Scleritis
Definition of Episcleritis Inflammation of the connective tissue between the sclera and the conjunctiva. Key Features • Self-limiting. • Less painful than scleritis. • Blanches with topical neosynephrine. • Does…
Complications of Cataract Surgery
Definition All unwanted events during or after conventional cataract surgery with potential threat to the normal structure and/or function of the eye. Key Features • Intraoperative complications, depending on incision,…
Vitrectomy
Definition Vitrectomy is an intraocular surgery during which the vitreous is removed to allow for adjunctive procedures to repair retinal and/or macular pathology or to remove foreign, abnormal, or dislocated…
Secondary Cataract
Definition Secondary cataract, also known as posterior capsule opacification (PCO), is the most common complication after cataract surgery, resulting from migration and proliferation of residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) onto…
Ocular Ischemic Syndrome
Definition Ocular signs and symptoms secondary to severe, chronic arterial hypoperfusion. Key Features • Visual loss. • Blot retinal hemorrhages. • Dilated, beaded retinal veins. • Decreased ocular perfusion pressure….
Scleral Buckling Surgery
Definition Closure of retinal breaks by scleral indentation. Key Features • Identification, localization, and treatment of retinal breaks. • Scleral imbrication. Associated Features • Anatomical success rate high—generally 80%–90%. •…
Small Incision and Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery
Definition Small incision cataract surgery is the extraction of the lens through a corneal incision designed to be self-sealing. Key Features • The refinement of incision placement and architecture, as…
Retinal Electrophysiology
Definition Objective functional ancillary testing of the retina and/or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) that records electrical responses based on various stimuli and assists in the diagnosis and management of various…
Basic Science of the Lens
Definition A normally transparent intraocular structure whose function is to alter the pathway of light that has entered the eye to focus the image on the retina. Key Features •…
Structure of the Neural Retina
Definition The structure of the neural retina reflects its embryological development and its ultimate purpose: the absorption and processing of photons of visible light. Key Feature • In a surgical…
