Definition Spectrum of malignant and benign neoplasms, choristomas, and hamartomas arising from or occurring within the conjunctiva, and nonneoplastic epibulbar tumors frequently misdiagnosed clinically as a conjunctival malignant neoplasm. Key…
Definition Procedures and medications given to allow successful completion of lens removal with minimal risk, pain, and anxiety. Key Features • Consideration of patient characteristics. • Local anesthesia: considerations, sedatives…
Definition Presbyopia is an age-related condition that enables the patient to perform near visual tasks due to the decay of accommodation. Key Features • Presbyopia starts affecting people around 40…
Definition Phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs) are artificial lenses implanted in the anterior or posterior chamber of the eye to correct refractive errors. They preserve the natural crystalline lens to maintain…
Definitions • Choroideremia is a progressive, bilateral, diffuse chorioretinal dystrophy with an X-linked recessive mode of inheritance. • Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina is a progressive, bilateral, diffuse…
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy Definition Retinal vascular changes occurring from chronic systemic arterial hypertension. Key Features • Arteriolar narrowing. • Arteriovenous nicking. • Microaneurysms. • Silver/copper wiring. Associated Retinal Findings •…
Central Retinal Artery Obstruction Definition An abrupt diminution of blood flow through the central retinal artery severe enough to cause ischemia of the inner retina. Key Features • Abrupt, painless,…
Definition A group of rare inherited disorders with primary manifestations that include vitreous and retinal degeneration. Key Features • Range of developmental abnormalities affecting the retinal vasculature through the Wnt…
Definition A spectrum of ocular abnormalities, including peripheral “seafan” retinal neovascularization, which results from an inherited defect in the synthesis of the hemoglobin molecule. Key Features • Macular ischemia. •…
Definition of Progressive Inherited Retinal Degenerations Retinitis pigmentosa and the related rod-cone and cone-rod dystrophies constitute a broad set of disorders that generally result in progressive visual dysfunction secondary to…
