Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy Definition Retinal vascular changes occurring from chronic systemic arterial hypertension. Key Features • Arteriolar narrowing. • Arteriovenous nicking. • Microaneurysms. • Silver/copper wiring. Associated Retinal Findings •…
Central Retinal Artery Obstruction Definition An abrupt diminution of blood flow through the central retinal artery severe enough to cause ischemia of the inner retina. Key Features • Abrupt, painless,…
Definition A group of rare inherited disorders with primary manifestations that include vitreous and retinal degeneration. Key Features • Range of developmental abnormalities affecting the retinal vasculature through the Wnt…
Definition A spectrum of ocular abnormalities, including peripheral “seafan” retinal neovascularization, which results from an inherited defect in the synthesis of the hemoglobin molecule. Key Features • Macular ischemia. •…
Definition of Progressive Inherited Retinal Degenerations Retinitis pigmentosa and the related rod-cone and cone-rod dystrophies constitute a broad set of disorders that generally result in progressive visual dysfunction secondary to…
Definition Structural damage to the retina produced by a light source. Key Features • Mechanism of damage is often photochemical. • Thermal enhancement of retinal damage is possible. • Sources…
Definition Surgery to the crystalline lens of the eye. Key Features • Lens surgery is the most common eye operation. • Technical indications for lens surgery are divided into two…
Definition Modern cataract surgery not only promises prevention of induced refractive errors by the surgical process but also the opportunity to enhance the eye’s refractive status. Key Features • Importance…
Definition Retinal and choroidal blood vessels are responsible for nutrition of the posterior segment. It is essential to understand the choroidal and retinal circulatory systems to better recognize and treat…
Definition A proliferative retinopathy of premature infants. Key Features Avascular Retina • Stage 1: demarcation line between normal and avascular retina. • Stage 2: elevated ridge between normal and avascular…
